A partir de enero 2020 comenzó a regir la nueva regulación de la Organización Marítima Internacional (IMO) en concordancia con la implementación de las regulaciones impuestas a lineas navieras y demás actores del transporte internacional marítimo, con el fin de reducir emisiones de óxido de azufre de los buques para prevenir la creciente contaminación del planeta.
Desde entonces, se han ido reduciendo los límites permitidos de emisiones gradualmente y para este año el límite de emisiones será reducido de 3.5% m/m a 0.5% m/m, exigiendo a las líneas navieras diseñar estrategias que les permitan no exceder el nuevo límite.
Algunas de las estrategias para reducir las emisiones son las siguientes:
- Usar combustible bajo en sulfuro: Lo que aumentará el costo del funcionamiento de los barcos. Tiene un costo mayor al del combustible que se usa hoy en día, pero es la medida más rápida.
- Instalación de depuradores en los exostos de los barcos: Lo cual tiene como consecuencia que el barco en el que sea instalado quede fuera de servicio por aproximadamente 50 días, sumándole un costo de instalación y mantenimiento alto.
- Barcos de última tecnología con menos emisiones.
Para cubrir los costos que implica la adopción de alguna de las estrategias, las líneas navieras planean empezar a cobrar recargo por este concepto teniendo en cuenta que la rotación de las motonaves es mínimo 30 días.
Aunque, para el director general de Xeneta, plataforma de comparación de precios que proporciona a las empresas navieras datos en tiempo real sobre las tarifas de transporte marítimo, es clave la reacción a la Normativa IMO2020: afirma que “las navieras aún no han encontrado la fórmula correcta para recuperar el costo de un combustible más caro y se enfrentan a verdaderas dificultades en las rutas de commodities, en las que la fijación de tarifas es fundamental para alcanzar la cuota de mercado”.
Fuente: Transborder, Transportes Internacionales – Mundo Marítimo: mundomaritimo.cl
Ver más información en: http://www.imo.org/es/ourwork/environment/pollutionprevention/airpollution/paginas/sulphur-oxides-(sox)-%E2%80%93-regulation-14.aspx
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